Chemical looping: a technology platform for upcycling low-grade industrial resources

Abstract Ambitions towards a circular economy are increasingly vocalised across academia, policymaking and industry. The endeavour of realising these ambitions provides major opportunities challenges in chemical engineering, requires tremendous roll-out new technologies. This perspective highlights the suitability looping as technology platform to contribute valorisation material streams that currently not used their full potential, termed low-grade resources. Such offer significant minimise CO 2 emissions accelerate materials economy. Apart from defining identifying streams, both calorific non-calorific, non-exhaustive overview such is provided. Based on selection case studies focusing steel mill gases, bauxite residue, pyrite cinder, calcium carbide slag automotive shredder it posited characteristics flexibility approach ample possibilities efficiently reuse environmental impact. Finally, an outlook its possible role drive circularity given, with attention for roles industrial, academic governmental stakeholders. In order assess process valorising resources, importance holistic investigations stressed, taking into account technical, economic, ecological societal considerations.